Master of Public Health
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Browsing Master of Public Health by Subject "Health Care"
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Item Determinants of Type II Diabetes among Native Americans in the United States: An Analysis of the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance(2020-05) Snowball, Kandis DevenThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between type II diabetes and mental health status, alcohol/tobacco use, sleep disorders, and healthcare coverage within the Native American population. The aim of this study is to answer these questions: (1) Is mental health status, sleep disorders, tobacco use and alcohol abuse significantly associated with self-reported type II diabetes in the Native American Population? (2) Is health care coverage significantly associated with self-reported type II diabetes in the Native American Population? METHOD: using data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). After reviewing the 2015 questionnaire, 6-questions were classified as dependent variables and were examined to determine if there was a significant relationship with self-reported type two diabetes in the Native American population (measured using BRFSS question-7). The design was a cross-sectional design using secondary data. RESULTS: no significant relationship between the variables sleep or energy and having type-II diabetes. There was a significant relationship between the variables: alcohol, reported being a current/former smoker, and mental health concerns (including stress, depression and problems with emotions) and having type-II diabetes. Also, the results found that having health care coverage was significantly associated with participants that reported having type-II diabetes. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study are beneficial in understanding the Native American/Alaska Native population and type II diabetes relationships.Item An Evaluation of the Relationship between Self-Reported Delays in Seeking Medical Care and Gender(2019-04) Gomez, Sandra VeronicaDelay in seeking medical care has been a growing problem across the nation. People delay medical services that are required for their health every day. Delay in care is attributed to diagnosis of chronic conditions that cost millions of dollars to treat each year in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine a relationship between delay in seeking medical care, gender, health care cost, and health insurance status. The study was conducted using the 2016 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), which is a cross-sectional study that interviews California residents and evaluates a variety of heath topics. Subjects were drawn using a random sample of all adults ages 18-80 years of age who were non-institutionalized. The 2,072 participants in the study, males (n= 915) and females (n=1,157) all came from different ethnic backgrounds. A Chi-Square Test of Independence was conducted to analyze the relationship between delay in seeking care, gender, health care cost, and health insurance status. The results indicated no significant relationship between gender and delay in seeking care with only a 3% difference between males and females; 10% of males compared to 13% females reported delays in care in the last 12 months (P > 0.05). A Chi-Square Test of Independence was also conducted to test the relationship between delay in seeking care and health care cost and health insurance status. A smaller sample (n = 224) participants was drawn to only include the subset of the sample eligible: individuals who answered yes or no to delaying care in seeking care. Results indicated no significant relationship between gender and healthcare costs and health insurance status; 39.3% of males stated there was a delay in care due to health care costs, compared to 38.3% females (P > 0.05). Gender, health care cost, and health insurance status were not identified as factors that cause people to delay care. Future studies should evaluate other socioeconomic or social determinant factors.Item Exploring the Rates and Determinants of Prenatal Care Among Non-Hispanic Black Women(2019-08) Reid, Bianca L'erinThe rates in mortality among non-Hispanic black women have been on the rise across the United States. Overall, black women are up to four times more likely to succumb to a pregnancy-related death than non-Hispanic white women. The participants in this study were taken from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey. This thesis sought to find the association of adequate prenatal care (nine or more prenatal care visits during pregnancy) among non-Hispanic black women by using an observational, cross-sectional study design. There were over 38,500 women within the PRAMS data, which is a representative sample of the make-up of the nation. Most non-Hispanic black women reported that they did not obtain adequate prenatal care, and it was found that there was a significant association of health determinants (education attainment, age range, income levels, and planned or not planned pregnancy) among this group which may have impacted their maternal health experiences. As research continues to unfold the layers of black women’s maternal health, policies must be implemented and enforced to attain significant change that will enhance the lives of black women and future generations.Item Health Insurance and the Impact of Citizenship Status, Employment Status, and Poverty Status(2019-05) Pryde, Sandra MichelleThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s expanded access to health insurance in 2014 did not guarantee access to health insurance for low-income and undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. While employment status and poverty status are estimated to play a major role in the prediction of health insurance status, this study hypothesized that citizenship status predicts health insurance status the most. Using secondary data from the 2017 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), this study examined a random 10% sample of the adult respondents. Dichotomous variables were created from the HMO Status, Citizenship Status Employment status, and Poverty level status variables of the CHIS. A chi-square test of independence was performed to determine the relationship between health insurance and citizenship, employment, poverty. A Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the strongest predictor of health insurance status among citizenship, employment, poverty. A significant association between citizenship status and health insurance status was found, (X2 (1) = 40.37, p < .001). The odds of being insured were 4.3 times higher among citizens, compared to non-citizens. Citizenship status had the greatest significant influence on health insurance status (p = .001). Those who are non-citizens are 71% less likely to have health insurance compared to citizens. The findings of this study suggest that policy interventions should include further expansion of health insurance eligibility for immigrants. A wider net of eligibility would improve the uptake in health insurance, leading to better health outcomes with the improved access to healthcare. In order to minimize the barriers to accessible healthcare and for improved health outcomes of our nation as a whole, policymakers must understand the current relationship and impact of citizenship status on health insurance status. This study contributes to that understanding.