Master of Arts in Forensic Psychology
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Browsing Master of Arts in Forensic Psychology by Subject "Criminology"
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Item BURNOUT OF DIRECT PATIENT-CARE STAFF SERVING FORENSIC POPULATION(2017-05) Garcia, Adriana MabelBurnout has been found to be a widespread occurrence throughout all workplace environments. Although research regarding burnout does exist, there is limited research focusing on direct patient-care staff working with forensic populations. A quantitative research design was developed to assess burnout levels among 100 direct patient-care staff serving a forensic population. An independent samples t-test was conducted to examine gender differences for total burnout scores. It was hypothesized that females would report higher levels of burnout in comparison to male counterparts. Results revealed a significant between group difference by gender. A linear regression was conducted to examine the extent to which years of employment predicted burnout. It was hypothesized that longer length of employment would predict higher levels of burnout. Results were not statistically significant. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine gender differences in anger, frustration, and emotional drain related to the work environment. It was hypothesized that males would report more anger in comparison to females, whereas, females would report higher levels of emotional drain and frustration in comparison to male counterparts. Results were not significant. Burnout affects all professionals across all work place. For this reason, it is important to take necessary precautions within all work environments.Item Charismatic Leaders of Destructive Religious Cults: An Examination into the Unidentified Culprits of Sexual Homicide(2020-05) Bishop, Brianna NicoleEmpirical research on destructive religious cults is severely limited, specifically with regard to the existence of a possible universal motivation for cultic violence. The widespread acceptance of individualized motivations for cultic violence (e.g., Manson’s Helter Skelter philosophy), however, negates the existence of striking similarities between characteristics — both offense and offender — of cultic violence and sexual homicide. The current study, in an attempt to examine the motivational implications of such striking similarities, utilized archival data to investigate the presence of 16 commonly-identified characteristics of sexual homicide within a singular case study — Charles Manson and the Manson Family. Results indicated that Charles Manson exhibited all of the commonly-identified offender characteristics of sexual homicide, while the Manson Family (and, the resultant Tate/LaBianca murders) exhibited 93.7 percent of the commonly-identified offense characteristics of sexual homicide. These findings suggest that the Tate/LaBianca murders were the product of Manson’s sexually-related fantasies, as well as the willingness of the Manson Family to execute these fantasies by proxy. Despite the limited generalizability of these findings — as a result of a limited sample size, as well as the use of strictly secondary sources (i.e., biographies) —, Charles Manson emphasizes the possibility that cultic violence exhibits an underlying sexual motivation; further research should, therefore, continue to examine this possibility within additional destructive religious cults (e.g., Jim Jones and the Peoples Temple).Item College Students' Perceptions of Law Enforcement Fairness: The Influence of Gender and Political Belief(2017-05) Darcey, Miles TaylorThe purpose of this study was to examine college students' perceptions of law enforcement fairness and the role that political leaning and gender have on these perceptions. This study specifically wanted to find if there was a main effect for gender on perceptions of law enforcement fairness and if a person's political leaning can predict their perceptions of law enforcement fairness. Results found a main effect for gender on perceptions of law enforcement fairness. Women tended to self report more negative perceptions of police fairness when compared to men in regards to police treatment of different ethnic populations and persons of different socioeconomic status. Results also found political leaning was a significant predictor of a person's perceptions of law enforcement fairness based on police treatment of different ethnic populations, treatment of persons of differing socioeconomic status, and police respect of privacy. Results found the more conservative a student was, the more positive his perceptions of law enforcement fairness would tend to be. In conclusion, this research found that women and liberal students tend to have more negative perceptions of police when compared to male and conservative students. The implications of this research were discussed.Item A Criminal Justice Student's Perception on the Influences of Juvenile Delinquency(2018-05) Korras, Amber LeighThe factors that put adolescents at risk of becoming juvenile delinquents never cease. However, the frequency of those factors could affect their ability to progress in the programs provided by probation departments. In this study, undergraduate Criminal Justice majors from California Baptist University were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the frequency of a list of risk factors in a juvenile delinquent’s life and their perception on how these factors affect a juvenile’s ability to progress in probation programs. The risk factors that were tested include: negative interactions with parents, violence in the home, living in a violent neighborhood, low socioeconomic status, mental illness, poor academic performance, and low IQ. It was hypothesized that the more frequent a risk factor was present in a juvenile’s life, the more it would hinder their progress in probation programs. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the perceptions of frequency and progress. The results showed a statistically significant main effect in the correlation between the perceptions that an increased frequency of poor academic performance hinders a juvenile delinquent’s ability to progress in a probation program. Two Independent Samples T-tests were conducted to assess for any gender differences. Significantly more male participants than female participants perceived poor academic performance and low socioeconomic status were experienced at a higher frequency. This study was conducted in hopes of aiding in the adjustment of probation programs to better help a juvenile be rehabilitated, developing an educational expansion for undergraduate Criminal Justice students on the problems faced by those who are effected by the future workforce, and supporting the further research on this topic.Item EXPLORATION OF JUVENILE SERIAL HOMICIDE OFFENDER CHARACTERISTICS(2020-12) Boice, Ashley ShierThe current exploratory study of juvenile serial homicide offender characteristics identified possible risk factors for antisocial behavior and provided descriptions of the offenders and the crimes. Literature pertaining to psychopathy, clinical diagnoses, severe antisocial behavior risk factors, and serial homicide offenders were reviewed. The research involved an analysis of the 2004 United States Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities pre-coded data for all juvenile serial homicide offenders (n = 11) and juvenile homicide offenders who committed only one homicide (n = 174). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted to compare juvenile serial homicide offenders (JSHOs) and juvenile single-time homicide offenders (JSTHOs). Prior violent offenses, the offender’s age at the time of their first homicide, education level, whether they had been fired in the last year due to substance use issues, and their victims’ sex showed significant differences between JSHOs and JSTHOs. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted, however no factors predicted JSHO group membership. These crimes are extremely rare and their perpetrators even more so; future research is encouraged.Item EXPLORING HISTORICAL TRAUMA AND SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION ON AFRICAN-AMERICAN MALES(2018-05) Howard, Randall Me'cheleThe state of communities in which African-American males live may be a crucial contributor to the inflated measures of criminality in urban areas. Crime and mortality rates are a serious epidemic among African-American men in the United States. After thoroughly examining the effects of historical trauma and social disorganization theory, the results acknowledged that the effects of historical trauma point out why there is a high rate of criminality, including homicides within urban areas. The effects of historical trauma include neighborhood disadvantage, environmental instability, low socioeconomic status, academic underachievement, and lack of parental monitoring. This study exhausts the existing literature that has established the evidence that historical trauma and social disorganization explains various crimes within disadvantaged neighborhoods. These findings add essential awareness, construct understanding, and assist with creating prevention and intervention models that will effectively address the issues of mortality and criminality within this population.Item Factors that Contribute to Juvenile Delinquency(2017-05) Crosby, OliviaThere are a variety of factors contributing to the delinquency of juveniles. This study examined Los Angeles Risk and Resiliency Checkup (LARCC) to determine the frequency and percentage of protective and risk factors regarding delinquency, education, family, peers, and substance use and the individual. This study included 40 LARRC records from juveniles on probation at Los Angeles Probation South Central Gang Unit. Risk factors that contributed to juvenile delinquency ranged from absentee parents, significant crime in the neighborhood, gang affiliation, and drug and alcohol use. Protective factors that helped juveniles resist delinquent behavior ranged from a supportive community, positive interaction with teachers, family support, pro-social peer relations, and able to manage stress well. Results indicated no significant correlation between the number of prior arrests and the risk level for male offenders.Item Jurors Perception of Guilt, and Evidence Based on Gender(2017-05) Hovsepian, Aaron CodyThe present study was conducted to understand if there were gender differences among juries. A total of 122 self-reported vignette style surveys were distributed to a sample of convenience at a private Christian university. The study contained two separate conditions (rape and murder) in which participants were asked a series of questions pertaining to their condition. The use of DNA evidence was also looked at for any influential impact on participants’ decision making. A 2x2 MANVOA and a Factorial ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The 2x2 MANOVA was used to test whether the two separate crime conditions had an impact on perception of guilt. The Factorial ANOVA was used to test if DNA evidence had an impact on jurors’ perception of guilt as well. The results indicated that when it came to the type of crime, the participants in the murder condition gave the defendant a much harsher punishment than those in the rape condition. Results also revealed that DNA evidence had a higher rate of influencing the female participants. Unfortunately, limited to no support was found for gender being a determining factor for jury’s perception of guilt.Item META-ANALYSIS OF VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND THE ASSOCIATION WITH CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR(2018-05) Johnson, TiaPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common disabling disorders present among returning military personnel, especially those in combat. Many veterans will not receive treatment for PTSD due to the stigma and lack of understanding from the community and their family. Without the proper education and coping skills, one could turn to substance abuse or suicidality. More recently it has been reported that there is an association between veterans with PTSD and criminal or aggressive behavior; to what extent, the results have varied. This is accompanied by an alarming rate of incarcerated veterans. Therefore, it is important to bridge the gap between veterans with PTSD and criminal or aggressive behavior to construct effective intervention and treatment programs. A Meta-Analysis was conducted on studies that evaluated Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) military veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the prevalence of their involvement in the criminal justice system. The studies contained in the analysis were published from January 2007 to November 2017 with participants who are former military. The review supported previous research in that there is an increased rate of violence and aggression among veterans with PTSD.Item Perceptions of Criminal Offenders(2017-05) Perez, KimberlyThe War on Crime first began in the late 1960’s and although being fought for approximately four decades it continues to be unresolved. Through the years War on Crime has evolved, for the purpose of this paper we will focus on the evolution to the war on drugs. It has been found that media has heightened crime salience. Various studies support this idea, demonstrating that behaviors including consumption of illicit drugs are portrayed more and more on movies and music. This paper will focus on the community perspective of drug offenders, specifically perceptions of dangerousness, threat, socialization, sentencing, convictions, safety, and re-offense, based on race of the offender. Previous studies have found that darker skin tones are associated with bad behavior as opposed to lighter skin tones. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant mean difference between groups A, B, C, and D in perceptions of offender threat, dangerousness, and socialization. Results were not significant. It was also hypothesized that there will be a significant mean difference between groups A, B, C, and D in perceptions of safety and re-offense. There was only a significant difference in re-offense between groups B and D, which were not supportive of previous research that indicated darker skin tones to be associated with bad behavior more than lighter skin tones. It was also hypothesized that there will be a significant mean difference between groups A, B, C, and D in perceptions of sentencing. Results were not significant. Lastly it was hypothesized that sentencing convictions will differ significantly by race. Results were not significant. It is important to look at underlying perceptions to prevent race from being a determining factor in the justice system.Item PERCEPTIONS OF FEMALE OFFICERS ENGAGING IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS WITH AN INMATE(2020-05) Gutierrez, Brianna RoseThis project aimed to study the perceptions of criminal justice college students on the likelihood that female officers would engage in a romantic relationship with an inmate. A 3 (marital status: divorced, married, and single) x 3 (behavior type: commenting on physical appearance, divulging personal information, and gift-giving) factorial analysis of variance was conducted to examine perceptions that the officer would engage in a romantic relationship with the male inmate. Results revealed a between-subjects effect for perceptions of behavior type on the likelihood that a female officer would engage in a romantic relationship with an inmate. In a multiple comparisons test, Bonferroni revealed a mean difference for behavior type, but only between the divulging of personal information and gift-giving conditions. It was perceived that female officers who engaged in gift-giving were more likely to participate in a romantic relationship with a male inmate than female officers who divulged personal information. No main effect was found for marital status. No interaction effect was found for marital status and behavior type. Results are discussed in light of the existing empirical literature.Item Psychopathy and Narcoterrorism: A Comparative Historical Analysis of Pablo Escobar and "El Chapo" Guzman(2017-05) Rollins, Mikael CabrialesThis study analyzes the psychosocial aspects of narcoterrorism reflected by two of the most notorious drug lords in recent Columbian and Mexican history: Pablo Escobar and Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman. It questions whether the psychological factors which influenced and shaped their criminal identities are, in fact, based entirely on psychoanalytic theory (narcissism, borderline personality, etc.) or if they are also products of cultural ideology. This research examines the social and political concept of “narcoculture” as the main premise to view the context in which criminal psychopathy may be fostered and developed. As part of a historical analysis of the narcoculture phenomenon, Escobar and “El Chapo" will be analyzed, diagnosed and compared in order to clarify the psychological and cultural parallels that reflect a distinct psychological profile. By referencing psychological, social, political, and cultural studies, the aim of this project is to reveal specific psychological characteristics as correlates of extreme and violent criminal behavior.Item Psychopathy and the Insanity Defense: A Grounded Theory Exploration of Public Perception(2017-05) Knopp, Elizabeth M.Modern advances in neuropsychology have demonstrated the significance of a psychopathic individual’s impairment and the moral deficit present in psychopathy. These findings have brought increasing support towards allowing psychopathic individuals to rightly utilize the insanity defense, however public opinion has not seemed to change alongside the research. This study examined the public’s perception of psychopathy and the insanity defense, as well as the perceived merit of allowing psychopathic individuals to utilize the insanity defense. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using grounded theory methodology to develop a theory regarding the modern perception of psychopathy and the insanity defense, as well as the perception of whether psychopathic individuals qualify for the insanity defense. Perceptions of a psychopathic individual ranged from a charming serial killer, such as Ted Bundy, to a reclusive individual with psychotic tendencies. The insanity defense was most commonly perceived as overused and a cop-out, albeit necessary in some situations. Support was found both for and against psychopathic individuals utilizing the insanity defense, respectively based on either perceived impairment or a need for them to be punished for their offenses.Item Psychopathy and the Polygraph: Investigating Implicit Bias in Deception Detection(2017-05) Norwood, Jessica DanaeA technological shortcut to the truth is one of the many portrayals that refer to what is known as the polygraph. This study is the third to examine the validity and accuracy of the polygraph in a non-clinical and non-criminal psychopathic and non-psychopathic (N = 36) sample. Possessing limited capacity for anxiety, guilt, or shame, psychopathic individuals tend to be non-reactive to specific stimuli; this asserts the notion that they may be able to “beat” a polygraph. Results broadly support researchers’ hypothesis: There was a significant relationship between possessing psychopathic traits and the increased probability of passing a polygraph exam. There was also a unique association with the severity of psychopathy and passing a polygraph examination.Item Public Perceptions of Female Sex Offenders Through Media Word Usage and Media Outlet Comments(2018-05) Stutz, JaimeeA lack of research currently exists on the public perception of female sex offenders and the implications this societal view may have for the future of female sex offender research and understanding. This study aims to explore the public perception of female sex offenders by examining multiple different online news outlet sites. News articles from Reddit, Penn Live, CBC News, SF Gate The New York Post, The East Bay Times, Arkansas Online News, The Sun U.K., Mercury News, 13 WHO TV Channel 13 News, and Fox News were located by searching keywords in the Google search engine. Using a qualitative coding method, 932 comments were collected and analyzed for their theme or subject matter. Six themes were uncovered from comments: sexualization of the offender, victim shaming/blaming, insensitive humor, double standards, victim gender, and denunciation of the offender. The results of the study confirm the initial hypothesis that the public expresses misunderstandings about female sex offenders through a high volume of victim shame/blame comments.Item Public's Perception of Stalking: Victim-Perpetrator Relationship(2018-05) Sainz, Ysmara HaydeeStalking has been a pervasive behavioral pattern that disrupts the lives of many. Previous researchers have examined factors that can predict the occurrence of stalking in victim-perpetrator relationships while simultaneously examining stalking type. Domestic violence and psychopathology have been possible predictors to stalking. A vignette survey examines the public’s perception of stalking within former lover, acquaintance, and stranger relationship. A 3x3 factorial MANOVA examined the effects of relationship and type of stalking to danger, violence, and safety. Results demonstrate an interaction effect between former intimate, stalking type of following and perceptions of violence and threat to safety. These findings suggest that prevention programs need to educate communities on domestic violence in intimate relationships and stalking.Item A Review of California Legislation and Its Effect on the Disparate Impact in Male Prisons(2018-05) Freatman, ValerieThe United States of America has been known as a melting pot-where equality is hailed among the most sacred of doctrines and is written into the foundational documents of the society. When examining California’s prison system, however, there appears to be large racial disparities and widespread discrimination within the judicial system and a disparate impact on minorities. California’s legislation has consistently and disparately imprisoned minorities for charges while white populations only receive a warning for the same crime. This study reviewed the past 30 years of California legislation regarding substance abuse and highlighted the disparities in the prison system, as well as the effect of imprisonment on inmates over time. This examination revealed California’s legislation has negatively impacted minorities through disproportionate imprisonment, which lead to further social ostracism and the development of mental disorders.Item The Severity of Mental Health Effects on Capital Trial Jurors(2017-05) Hawkins Maras, Robin A.Death qualified jurors, selected to serve on capital trials, hold an unparalleled role in the criminal justice system. Despite data suggesting that serving as a death qualified juror may be extremely stressful, studies exploring the severity of the mental health effects of capital jury duty are limited. This study, utilizing a qualitative content analysis, addresses the question of whether the severity of capital jurors’ mental health symptoms rises to clinically significant levels and thus, warrants intervening action by the criminal justice system. Through the analysis of six prior studies, this research examined the mental health effects triggered by excessive stress in capital jurors and identified twelve predominant themes. The prior studies determined that the clinical significance of major depression in capital jurors ranges from 0 to 19%, and the clinical significance of posttraumatic stress disorder ranges from 0 to 26%. Thus, while prior research confirms that capital jurors may experience negative mental health effects, the severity of the effects, as well as the length of time the effects impact each juror, varies to the extent that a definitive conclusion regarding the need for intervening action by the criminal justice system cannot be determined.Item WHAT CREATES JUVENILE KILLERS? A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF AUSTIN SIGG AND MARY BELL(2017-05) Gernes, Joshua JosephThe purpose of this study is to understand how two separate juveniles that were raised in completely dissimilar styles could both become killers. Considering CU traits and biopsychosocial factors of both subjects to see how much of each played a role. Previous research on CU traits, biopsychosocial factors, biological factors, and factors on juvenile delinquency. A document analysis was done on interviews of both subjects to determine if CU, biopsychosocial played a role in their forming of becoming a killer. The Document analysis showed significant levels of CU traits and biopsychosocial factors that contributed to both subjects becoming killers.